PTFE da Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA)

Menene PTFE da PFOA?Ina aka same su?

PTFE sunan alama ne na wani sinadari na mutum wanda aka sani da polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).Yana cikin amfani da kasuwanci tun shekarun 1940.Yana da fa'ida iri-iri na amfani saboda yana da matuƙar tsayayye (ba ya amsa da sauran sinadarai) kuma yana iya samar da ƙasa mara ƙarfi.Yawancin mutane sun saba da shi a matsayin farfajiyar da ba ta da sanda don kwanon rufi da sauran kayan dafa abinci.Hakanan ana amfani dashi a cikin wasu samfura da yawa, kamar masu kare masana'anta.Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), wanda kuma aka sani da C8, wani sinadari ne na mutum.Ana amfani da shi wajen yin polymer da makamantansu (wanda aka sani da fluorotelomers), ko da yake an ƙone shi a lokacin tsari kuma ba a cikin adadi mai yawa a cikin samfurori na ƙarshe. PFOA yana da yiwuwar zama damuwa na kiwon lafiya saboda yana iya zauna a cikin muhalli da kuma cikin jikin mutum na tsawon lokaci.Nazarin ya gano cewa yana samuwa a duk duniya a cikin ƙananan matakan a kusan jinin kowa.An sami mafi girman matakan jini a cikin mazaunan al'umma inda PFOA ta gurɓata ruwan sha na gida.Mutanen da aka fallasa su zuwa PFOA a wurin aiki na iya samun matakan sau da yawa mafi girma.PFOA da wasu mahaɗan irin wannan za a iya samu a ƙananan matakan a wasu abinci, ruwan sha, da kuma cikin ƙurar gida.Ko da yake matakan PFOA a cikin ruwan sha ba su da yawa, za su iya zama mafi girma a wasu wurare, kamar kusa da tsire-tsire masu amfani da PFOA. Mutane kuma za a iya fallasa su zuwa PFOA daga kakin ski ko daga yadudduka da kafet waɗanda aka bi da su don zama mai jurewa tabo. .Kayan dafa abinci mara sanda ba shine muhimmin tushen bayyanar PFOA ba.Shin PTFE da PFOA suna haifar da ciwon daji?PTFEPTFEita kanta ba a zargin tana kawo cutar daji.PFOAYawancin karatu a cikin 'yan shekarun nan sun kalli yiwuwar PFOA haifar da ciwon daji.Masu bincike suna amfani da nau'ikan bincike guda 2 don ƙoƙarin gano ko irin wannan abu na iya haifar da ciwon daji.Nazarin a cikin labA cikin binciken da aka yi a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje, dabbobi suna fuskantar wani abu (sau da yawa a cikin manyan allurai) don ganin ko yana haifar da ciwace-ciwace ko wasu matsalolin lafiya.Masu bincike na iya fallasa kwayoyin jikin mutum a cikin kwanon lab don ganin ko yana haifar da nau'ikan canje-canjen da ake gani a cikin ƙwayoyin cutar kansa.Bincike a cikin dabbobin lab sun gano kamuwa da PFOA yana ƙara haɗarin wasu ciwace-ciwacen hanta, ƙwanƙwasa, mammary glands (breasts), da kuma pancreas a cikin wadannan dabbobi.Gabaɗaya, ingantaccen binciken da aka gudanar a cikin dabbobi yana yin kyakkyawan aiki na tsinkaya waɗanne abubuwan da ke haifar da cutar kansa a cikin mutane.Amma ba a fayyace ba idan yadda wannan sinadari ke shafar hadarin daji a cikin dabbobi zai kasance iri ɗaya a cikin mutane.Nazarin a cikin mutaneWasu nau'o'in bincike suna kallon yawan ciwon daji a cikin ƙungiyoyin mutane daban-daban.Wadannan nazarin na iya kwatanta adadin ciwon daji a cikin rukuni da aka fallasa zuwa wani abu zuwa yawan ciwon daji a cikin rukuni wanda ba a bayyana shi ba, ko kwatanta shi da yawan ciwon daji a cikin yawan jama'a.Amma wani lokacin yana iya zama da wuya a san abin da sakamakon waɗannan nau'o'in nazarin ke nufi, saboda wasu dalilai da yawa na iya rinjayar sakamakon.Nazari sun dubi mutanen da aka fallasa su zuwa PFOA daga zaune kusa ko aiki a cikin tsire-tsire masu guba.Wasu daga cikin waɗannan karatun sun ba da shawarar ƙara haɗarin ciwon daji na ƙwanƙwasa tare da ƙara yawan bayyanar PFOA.Har ila yau, binciken ya nuna yiwuwar haɗin gwiwa zuwa ciwon daji na koda da ciwon daji na thyroid, amma karuwa a cikin haɗari ya kasance ƙananan kuma zai iya kasancewa saboda dama.Amma ba duk binciken ya sami irin waɗannan hanyoyin ba, kuma ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike don fayyace waɗannan binciken.Abin da hukumomin masana suka ceHukumomin ƙasa da ƙasa da dama suna nazarin abubuwa daban-daban a cikin muhalli don sanin ko za su iya haifar da ciwon daji.(Wani abu da ke haifar da ciwon daji ko taimakawa ciwon daji ana kiransa aciwon daji.) Ƙungiyar Ciwon daji ta Amirka ta dubi waɗannan kungiyoyi don kimanta haɗarin da ke tattare da shaida daga binciken bincike, dabbobi, da ɗan adam.Hukumar Bincike kan Ciwon daji ta Duniya (IARC)wani bangare ne na Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO).Ɗaya daga cikin manufofinsa shine gano abubuwan da ke haifar da ciwon daji.IARC ta rarraba PFOA a matsayin "yiwuwar cutar daji ga mutane" (Group 2B), bisa iyakataccen shaida a cikin mutane cewa yana iya haifar da ciwon daji na jini da koda, da kuma iyakataccen shaida a cikin dabbobin lab. (Don ƙarin bayani kan tsarin rarraba IARC, duba. Sananne kuma Mai yuwuwar Cutar Carcinogens.)AmurkaHukumar Kare Muhalli (EPA)yana kula da Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS), rumbun adana bayanai na lantarki da ke ƙunshe da bayanai kan illar lafiyar ɗan adam daga fallasa ga abubuwa daban-daban a cikin muhalli.EPA ba ta rarraba PFOA a hukumance game da cutar kansa ba. A cikin wani daftarin rahoto (ba ƙarshe ba), Hukumar Ba da Shawarar Kimiyya ta EPA ta bincika shaidar akan PFOA, galibi daga nazarin dabbobin lab, kuma ta bayyana cewa akwai “shaida mai ban sha'awa game da cutar kansa, amma bai isa ba don tantance yuwuwar cutar kansar ɗan adam."Hukumar ta amince da cewa za a yi la'akari da sabbin shaidu yayin da aka samu. Wasu hukumomin ba su riga sun tantance ko PFOA na iya haifar da ciwon daji ba.Menene ake yi game da PFOA?Ba a san tasirin PFOA na dogon lokaci da makamantansu ba, amma an sami isasshen damuwa don faɗakar da ƙoƙarin kawar da hayaƙin masana'antu.Kamfanoni kaɗan ne kawai suka yi amfani da waɗannan sinadarai a cikin masana'antu a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Duk da yake ba a san tasirin lafiyar lafiyar PFOA na dogon lokaci ba, EPA da sauran hukumomi suna nazarin batun a halin yanzu.Bugu da ƙari, a cikin 2006, EPA da masana'antun 8 da suka yi amfani da PFOA a lokacin sun amince da "tsarin kulawa."Manufofin sun kasance don kamfanonin su rage yawan hayaƙin masana'anta da matakan abun ciki na samfur na PFOA da kashi 95 cikin 100 a shekara ta 2010, da kuma kawar da PFOA daga hayaki da abubuwan da ke cikin samfur a ƙarshen 2015. Kamfanonin sun gabatar da rahotanni na shekara-shekara kan ci gaban da suka samu ga EPA, kuma sabbin rahotanni sun nuna babban raguwar amfani da waɗannan sinadarai.Rage buƙatar PFOA kuma ya haifar da kamfanoni da yawa sun daina samarwa. EPA ba ta daidaita matakan PFOA ko sinadarai masu dangantaka (irin su perfluorooctane sulfonate, ko PFOS) a cikin ruwan sha a wannan lokacin.Koyaya, a cikin 2009, EPA ta fitar da shawarwarin lafiya na wucin gadi (PHAs) don PFOA da PFOS a cikin ruwan sha.Waɗannan shawarwarin sun ba da shawarar cewa ya kamata a ɗauki matakai don rage fallasa lokacin da gurɓataccen abu ya wuce wani matakin a cikin ruwan sha - 0.4 µg/L (micrograms kowace lita) don PFOA da 0.2 µg/L don PFOS.Waɗannan shawarwarin ba ƙa'idodin tarayya ba ne da ake aiwatar da su bisa doka kuma ana iya canzawa yayin da sabbin bayanai ke samuwa.Shin zan ɗauki matakan kare kaina, kamar rashin amfani da kwanon rufi na polymer?Baya ga yuwuwar haɗarin alamun mura daga shaƙar hayaki daga kasko mai rufin polymer mai zafi, babu wani sanannen haɗari ga ɗan adam daga amfani da shi.PTFE-mai rufin dafa abinci.Yayin da ake amfani da PFOA wajen yin polymer, ba ya nan (ko kuma yana cikin ƙananan ƙananan) a cikin kayan da aka yi da polymer. Domin ba a san hanyoyin da mutane za su iya shiga PFOA ba, ba a san matakan da mutane za su iya ɗauka ba. don rage bayyanar su.A cewar Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka ta Amurka (CDC), mutanen da aka gano tushen ruwan sha na yau da kullun suna da sama da matakan PFOA na al'ada ko makamantansu na iya yin la'akari da yin amfani da ruwan kwalba ko shigar da abubuwan tace ruwan carbon da aka kunna.

Ga mutanen da suka damu suna iya fuskantar manyan matakan PFOA, ana iya auna matakan jini, amma wannan ba gwaji na yau da kullum ba ne da za a iya yi a ofishin likita.Ko da an yi gwajin, ba a bayyana abin da sakamakon zai iya nufi ba dangane da yiwuwar illar lafiya.