Da zarar an narkar da polymer, gauraye da matsawa a cikin wani extruder, ana fitar da shi ta hanyar mutuwar extrusion don ci gaba da samuwa (bayan sanyaya da ƙarfafawa) a cikin samfurin ƙarshe.Mafi yawan nau'in mutuwa sune lebur, annular da proŽle.Kayayyakin da aka yi da extrusion sun haɗa da bututu, tubing, rufin waya, kwalabe na filastik, fina-finai na filastik da zanen gado, jakunkuna na filastik, murfin takarda da foil, Ž bres, Ž lament, yadudduka, kaset da kuma faffadan proŽfiles.
Polymer extrusion ta mutu yana da wasu kamanceceniya da zafi extrusion na karafa.Sai dai, akwai kuma bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci.A cikin ƙarfe extrusion kayan ana turawa gaba da rago, yayin da a cikin polymer extrusion kayan ana ci gaba da ba da su ta hanyar dunƙule mai juyawa.A cikin zafin karfe extrusion yanayin zafi daga 340 ° C na magnesium zuwa 1325 ° C don karfe, kuma matsi masu dacewa sun bambanta daga 35 zuwa sama da 700 MPa.1 5 A cikin extrusion polymer yanayin zafi ba safai ya wuce 350 ° C, kuma matsa lamba yawanci ba ya wuce. tafi da yawa sama da 50 MPa a dunƙule tip.M lokaci extrusion na polymers da aka ɓullo da don samar da wasu high ƙarfi kayayyakin.A low yanayin zafi, da kwayoyin fuskantarwa da tilasta da abu ta hanyar siffata mutu ya kasance a cikin extrudate.Ƙaƙƙarfan extrusion polymer na jihar yana da wasu kamanceceniya da sanyin extrusion na karafa.
Blown fim extrusion shi ne mafi muhimmanci tsari ga samar da bakin ciki filastik Žfilms daga polyethylenes.The narkakkar polymer ne extruded ta annular mutu (yawanci na karkace mandrel gina) don samar da bakin ciki bango tube wanda aka lokaci guda axially zana da radially fadada.A mafi yawancin lokuta, kumfa fim ɗin da aka hura yana samuwa a tsaye a sama.Matsakaicin diamita na kumfa yawanci 1.2 - 4 sau girma fiye da diamita na mutuwa.Ana sanyaya narke mai zafi ta kogunan ruwa mai saurin gudu daga zoben iska na waje, kuma lokaci-lokaci kuma daga masu rarraba iska na ciki.Fim ɗin solidiŽ ed Žfilm yana wucewa ta cikin firam wanda ke tsunkule saman kumfa kuma abin nadi ya ɗauke shi.Žfilms da aka haɗa tare da yadudduka 3 - 8 (wani lokaci har zuwa 11) ana yin su ta wannan tsari, don amfani da kayan abinci.
Fim ɗin Žfilm da fitar da takarda ya haɗa da fitar da polymer ta hanyar a mutu tare da buɗewa mai faɗi (har zuwa mita 10), akan abin nadi mai sanyi ko abin nadi wanda ke kashewa da ƙarfafa narkakkar kayan.Fim gabaɗaya ana ayyana shi azaman siriri fiye da 0.25 mm, yayin da takardar ta fi wannan kauri. Ana amfani da tsarin simintin Žfilm don tsananin juriya na thinŽ film, ko don ƙarancin ɗanɗano.Yawancin mutuwar lebur na T Ramin ne ko ƙirar coathanger, waɗanda ke ƙunshe da nau'i-nau'i don yada polymer mai gudana a fadin faɗin mutuwar, wanda ke biyo baya ta hanyar kunkuntar kunkuntar da buɗe slits don ƙirƙirar rarrabawar da ake so da raguwar matsa lamba.Yawancin layukan fim ɗin da aka ƙera a yau sune layukan haɗin gwiwa, haɗa nau'i-nau'i daga nau'ikan masu fitarwa guda bakwai zuwa cikin samfur ta hanyar multimanifold ya mutu, ko manifold guda ɗaya ya mutu tare da taimakon shingen abinci.
A cikin extrusion na Žfilm, adadin shear a bakin mutuwa yawanci shine ~103 s21.Lokacin da danniya na bango ya wuce wani ƙima (yawanci 0.14 MPa a cikin takardun bincike, mafi girma a cikin masana'antu tare da taimakon additives), farfajiyar extrudate ta yi hasarar sheki saboda yanayin narke sharkskin. ganuwa ga ido tsirara, daidai gwargwado ga hanyar kwarara.
Bututu da tubing extrusion ya haɗa da yin famfo narkakkar polymer ta hanyar annulardie, wanda samfurin extruded, yayin da ake ja, ya wuce ta wurin injin injin inda ya kai girmansa na ƙarshe.Ana biye da wannan ta hanyar fesa ko nutsar da sanyaya da yanke zuwa tsayayyen tsayi.Ana yin bututu na diamita har zuwa 2 m ko mafi girma ta wannan tsari, kuma bututu tare da diamita daga 10 mm zuwa ƙasa 1 mm.Mutuwar shekara-shekara yawanci na zanen gizo-gizo ne ko karkace.
A cikin tsarin sarrafa wayoyi da na USB, ana ja da wayoyi ɗaya ko na majalissar waya cikin sauri sosai ta hanyar mutuƙar giciye, a kusurwoyi masu kyau zuwa ga madaidaicin extruder.A cikin matsanancin matsin lamba, narke polymer yana saduwa da waya ko kebul kafin fitowar mutuwa, misali insulating na kowane wayoyi.A cikin ƙananan extrusion matsa lamba, narke ya hadu da kebul bayan fitowar mutuwa, misali jaketing na majalisai na igiyoyi masu rufi.Ana yawan cin karo da ƙimar juzu'i mai yawa a cikin wannan tsari (har zuwa 106 s2 1) kuma ana amfani da resins mai ƙarancin danko.
ProŽfile extrusion tsari ne na masana'anta da ake amfani da shi don samfuran sashin giciye na dindindin.Waɗannan suna iya kewayo daga siffofi masu sauƙi zuwa mahimman bayanai masu rikitarwa tare da ɗakuna da yawa da Žfingers.Misalai daga gyare-gyaren hoto, zuwa datsa mota, zuwa gefuna don saman tebur, zuwa layin taga.Kayayyakin da aka fitar sun kasance classiŽ ed (kusanci) a matsayin masu tsauri ko rashin ƙarfi.Layin extrusion na al'ada na proŽle ya ƙunshi na'ura mai fitar da ruwa yana yin famfo polymer ta hanyar mutuƙar proŽle, sannan da tanki mai ƙima ko calibrator, ƙarin kwandunan sanyaya, mai ja da na'urar yankewa.Zanewar bayanin martaba ya mutu yana buƙatar ƙwarewa da haƙuri mai yawa. Ana fuskantar gazawar fitarwa a cikin extrusion bayanan martaba saboda ko dai sharkskin (don samfuran bakin ciki waɗanda aka samar daga polymers masu ɗanƙoƙi) ko ikon sanyaya samfuran bango mai kauri.Polymer bututu da proŽfile extrusion yayi kama da zafin extrusion na karafa don samar da ci gaba da fakewa da siffofi na abubuwa masu kama.Koyaya, ƙirar lissafin waɗannan hanyoyin don karafa ya dogara ne akan na'urorin roba - filasta.
A cikin narkakken kadi, narkakkar polymer ya yi amfani da shi ta hanyar capillaries masu yawa a cikin spinneret (har zuwa 1000).Ana isar da polymer ɗin a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba ta hanyar famfo na gear don ingantacciyar ma'auni, bayan wucewa ta hanyar Ž lter wanda ke biye da extruder.A kan fita daga capillaries, Ž laments an rage su zuwa diamita da ake so. Don samar da Žfibres na bakin ciki sosai, ana amfani da tsarin narkewa.A cikin wannan tsari Ž bres yana rage karfin ja da jirgin sama mai saurin gudu yake yi.
Lokacin aikawa: Afrilu-19-2017