Haɓakawa da aikace-aikacen robobi na polymer na biodegradable, robobi na biodegradable wani nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in aiki ne na lalata kayan polymer, a cikin tsarin amfani, yana da alaƙa da irin nau'in filastik na yau da kullun tare da dacewa da lafiya da aikin aikace-aikacen dacewa, kuma bayan da cikakken aiki, da abu zai iya sauri ƙasƙanta a cikin yanayi yanayi yanayi zama sauki a ba muhalli gutsuttsura ko murkushe, kuma tare da nassi na lokaci kara lalacewa zama ƙarshe hadawan abu da iskar shaka kayayyakin (CO2 da ruwa), koma ga yanayi.
Ci gaba da aikace-aikacen biodegradablepolymer robobi, Filastik na biodegradable wani nau'in sabon nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in aiki ne na lalata kayan aikin polymer, a cikin tsarin amfani, yana da alaƙa da irin nau'in filastik na yau da kullun tare da lafiyar lafiya da aikin aikace-aikacen da ya dace, kuma bayan cikakken aikin sa, kayan aikin. na iya raguwa da sauri a cikin yanayin yanayi na yanayi ya zama mai sauƙi a ba da gutsuttsuran yanayi ko murkushewa, kuma tare da wucewar lokaci kara lalacewa ya zama samfuran iskar oxygenation (CO2 da ruwa), komawa ga yanayi.
Dangane da gurɓacewar muhalli da sharar filastik ke haifarwa, da kuma buƙatar kariyar muhalli da bukatun ɗan adam, yana da gaggawa don yin nazarin kayan polymer mai lalacewa.A cikin takamaiman lokaci da kuma ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi na muhalli, tsarin sinadarai na robobin da ba za a iya cire su ba zai canza.Dangane da dalilan sauye-sauyen tsarin sinadarai, ana iya raba robobin da za a iya lalata su zuwa kashi biyu: robobin da ba za a iya amfani da su ba da kuma robobin daukar hoto.
1. Tsarin lalata na robobi masu lalacewa
Gabaɗaya magana, filastik gurɓataccen abu yana nufin nau'in filastik wanda za'a iya gurɓata cikin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta ta hanyar ayyukan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin ƙasa ko hasken rana.Dole ne ya dace da buƙatun amfani da samfuran kuma sauƙin aiwatarwa bisa tushen tushen. biodegradable Properties.Halin aikin hasken rana akan kayan polymer shine cikakken tasirin hasken ultraviolet a cikin hasken rana da iskar oxygen a cikin iska, don haka ana kiranta lalatawar photooxidation.Ɗauki polyolefin a matsayin misali don bayyana tsarin lalata photooxidation.A zahiri, photooxidation yana haifar da karya sarƙoƙi ko haɗin gwiwar polymers, kuma an kafa wasu ƙungiyoyin aiki masu ɗauke da iskar oxygen, irin su carboxylic acid, peroxides, ketones da alcohols, a cikin wannan tsari.Abubuwan da ke haifar da haɓakawa a cikin polymers da farawa na peroxide da ƙungiyoyin carboxyl waɗanda aka gabatar yayin aiki sune manyan tushen lalacewa.
Ƙarƙashin aikin ƙwayoyin cuta (mafi yawan fungi, ƙwayoyin cuta ko algae, da dai sauransu), ana iya lalata polymers ko metabolized don haifar da canje-canje a tsarin sinadarai da raguwa a cikin nauyin kwayoyin.Hanyar aiwatar da aiki za a iya raba shi zuwa yanayi biyu:
(1) aikin biophysical.Wato, bayan yashwar samfuran filastik ta hanyar ƙwayoyin cuta, haɓakar ƙwayoyin halitta, haɓaka bazuwar polymers, ionization ko proton, wannan aikin jiki akan polymer ya haifar da lalacewar injiniya, babban nauyin ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta ta polymer cikin gutsuttsura oligomer, don haka cimma manufar lalacewa ta jiki.
(2) biochemical mataki - kai tsaye mataki na enzymes.Wannan yanayin yana faruwa ne ta hanyar lalacewar enzymes da fungi ko ƙwayoyin cuta ke ɓoye, wanda ke haifar da tsagawa ko tarwatsewar robobi, kuma yana haifar da lalacewa ko lalatawar ƙwayoyin polymers waɗanda ba za su iya narkewa cikin gutsutsutsu masu narkewar ruwa ba, suna haifar da sabbin ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta (CH4, CO2 da H2O) har sai bazuwar ƙarshe.
Gabaɗaya akwai hasashe guda biyu game da tsarin lalata kayan polymer wanda ke haifar da ɓacin rai.Ɗayan shine yanke mai lalacewa daga ƙarshen sarkar.Sabili da haka, abubuwan da aka tsara na kayan aiki, irin su abun da ke ciki, babba da tsarin sarkar gefe, girman ƙungiyoyin ƙarshe, da kasancewa ko rashi na juriya na sararin samaniya, sune mahimman abubuwan da ke shafar aikin su na lalata.Daga cikin su, mahimman abubuwan sarkar suna da tasiri mafi girma.Idan babban sarkar polymer ya ƙunshi shaidun da ke cikin sauƙin ruwa, za a iya lalata shi cikin sauƙi.Na biyu, idan kashin baya ya kasance mai sassauƙa, ƙimar lalacewa zai yi sauri, yayin da kashin baya ya kasance mai tsauri da tsari, ƙimar lalacewa zai kasance a hankali.
Ana rage haɓakar halittu na kayan polymer ta hanyar reshe da haɗin gwiwa.Alal misali, ƙaddamar da ƙungiyoyin hydrophobic a ƙarshen sarkar kwayoyin halitta (PLA) na iya rage yawan lalacewa a farkon matakin lalacewa.Wannan shi ne saboda a cikin tsarin lalacewa na asali, yazawar PLA ya dogara ne akan tsarin ƙarshen sarkar kwayoyin halitta, kuma ƙari na ƙungiyoyin hydrophobic yana haifar da raguwar ƙimarsa.Bugu da ƙari, wasu masu bincike sun yi nazarin tsarin sinadarai na polymers da kuma nauyin kwayoyin halitta na kayan da ke taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen lalata su.
2. Haɓaka robobin da za a iya lalata su
Hanyar ci gaba na robobin da za su iya rayuwa a nan gaba na iya zama kamar haka:
(1) An shirya robobi masu yuwuwa ta hanyar nazarin tsarin haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta na polymers masu lalacewa, kuma an yi nazari tare da haɓaka toshe copolymerization na robobin halittu tare da polymers na yau da kullun, polymers microbial da polymers na halitta.
(2) don nemo ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda za su iya samar da robobi na polymer, bincika sababbin polymers, nazarin tsarin haɗin gwiwar su dalla-dalla, inganta aikin su ta hanyoyin da ake da su da kuma hanyoyin injiniya na kwayoyin halitta, da kuma nazarin ingantattun hanyoyin noma ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta.
(3) mai da hankali ga kula da raguwar raguwa, haɓaka ingantattun masu haɓaka lalata da masu daidaitawa don haɓaka aikin haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta na robobi masu lalacewa, rage farashin su, da faɗaɗa aikace-aikacen kasuwa.
(4) bincike da kafa ƙayyadaddun ma'anar robobi masu lalacewa, haɓakawa da haɓaka hanyar kimanta haɓakar halittu, da ƙara fahimtar tsarin lalata.
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-13-2019