Thermoplastic, ko roba mai laushi, abu ne na filastik, polymer, wanda ya zama mai jujjuyawa ko sassauƙa sama da takamaiman zafin jiki kuma yana ƙarfafawa akan sanyaya.
Yawancin thermoplastics suna da babban nauyin kwayoyin halitta.Sarƙoƙi na polymer suna haɗuwa ta hanyar ƙungiyoyin ƙwayoyin cuta, waɗanda ke raunana da sauri tare da ƙara yawan zafin jiki, suna samar da ruwa mai danko.Don haka, ana iya sake fasalin thermoplastics ta dumama kuma galibi ana amfani da su don samar da sassa ta hanyar dabarun sarrafa polymer daban-daban kamar gyare-gyaren allura, gyare-gyaren matsawa, calending, da extrusion.Thermoplastics sun bambanta da ma'aunin zafi da sanyio, waɗanda ke haifar da haɗin sinadarai mara jurewa yayin aikin warkewa.Thermosets ba sa narke lokacin da zafi: sun ruguje kuma ba sa gyara akan sanyaya.
Acrylic:Acrylic, polymer da ake kira poly (PMMA), ana kuma san shi da sunayen kasuwanci kamar Lucite, Perspex da Plexiglas.Yana aiki a matsayin madaidaicin gilashin don abubuwa kamar su aquariums, helmet ɗin babur, tagogin jirgin sama, tashar jiragen ruwa na kallon ruwa, da ruwan tabarau na fitilun motoci na waje.Ana amfani da shi sosai don yin alamu, gami da haruffa da tambura.A cikin magani, ana amfani da shi a cikin simintin kashi kuma don maye gurbin ruwan tabarau na ido.Fenti na acrylic ya ƙunshi ƙwayoyin PMMA da aka dakatar a cikin ruwa.
ABS:Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) wani terpolymer ne wanda aka haɗa daga styrene da acrylonitrile a gaban polybutadiene.ABS abu ne mai nauyi mai nauyi wanda ke nuna juriya mai ƙarfi da ƙarfin injin.Yana haifar da ƴan haɗari ga lafiyar ɗan adam ƙarƙashin kulawa ta al'ada.Ana amfani da shi a yawancin kayan masarufi, kamar kayan wasan yara, kayan aiki, da tarho.
Nailan:Naylon na cikin nau'in polymers da ake kira polyamides.Ya yi aiki azaman madadin hemp, auduga da siliki, a cikin samfura irin su parachutes, igiyoyi, tudu, riguna da rigar mata.Filayen nailan suna da amfani wajen yin yadudduka, igiya, kafet da kidan kiɗa, yayin da a cikin nau'i mai yawa, nailan ana amfani da shi don sassa na inji ciki har da screws, gears da kayan aikin wuta.Bugu da ƙari, ana amfani da shi wajen kera kayan haɗin gwiwar da ke jure zafi.
PLA:Polylactic acid (polylactide) wani polyester ne na thermoplastic aliphatic polyester wanda aka samo shi daga albarkatu masu sabuntawa, kamar sitacin masara (a Amurka), tushen tapioca, guntu ko sitaci (mafi yawa a Asiya), ko sukari.Yana ɗaya daga cikin kayan da aka yi amfani da su don bugu na 3D tare da dabarun ƙirar ƙira (FDM).
Polybenzimidazole:Polybenzimidazole fiber fiber ne na roba wanda ke da ma'aunin narkewa sosai.Yana da ingantaccen yanayin zafi da kwanciyar hankali kuma baya kunna wuta da sauri.Masanin kimiyyar sinadarai na polymer Carl Shipp Marvel ne ya fara gano shi a cikin neman sabbin kayan aiki tare da ingantaccen kwanciyar hankali, riƙe taurin kai, tauri a matsanancin zafin jiki.Saboda babban kwanciyar hankali, ana amfani da Polybenzimidazole don ƙirƙira manyan kayan kariya kamar kayan kashe gobara, kayan sararin samaniya, safofin hannu masu kariya masu zafi, kayan walda da yadudduka na bangon jirgin sama.A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, polybenzimidazole ya sami aikace-aikacensa a matsayin membrane a cikin ƙwayoyin man fetur.
Polycarbonate:Polycarbonate (PC) thermoplastics an san su a ƙarƙashin alamun kasuwanci kamar Lexan, Makrolon, Makroclear, da ArcoPlus.Ana yin su cikin sauƙi, gyare-gyare, da ma'aunin zafi da sanyio don aikace-aikace da yawa, kamar kayan aikin lantarki, kayan gini, na'urorin adana bayanai, sassan motoci da na jirgin sama, duba kwasfa a cikin injiniyoyi, da glazing na tsaro.Polycarbonates ba su da keɓaɓɓen lambar tantance guduro.Abubuwan da aka yi daga polycarbonate na iya ƙunsar precursor monomer bisphenol A (BPA).
Polyether sulfate:Polyether sulfone (PES) wani aji ne na musamman injiniyoyin thermoplastics tare da high thermal, oxidative, da hydrolytic kwanciyar hankali, da kuma mai kyau juriya ga ruwa ma'adinai acid, alkalis, gishiri mafita, mai da mai.
Polyoxymethylene:Polyoxymethylene (POM), wanda kuma aka sani da acetal, polyacetal da polyformaldehyde, thermoplastic injiniyan injiniya ne da ake amfani dashi a daidaitattun sassan da ke buƙatar babban taurin kai, ƙananan juzu'i, da kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali.Kamar yadda yake tare da sauran nau'ikan polymers na roba, kamfanoni daban-daban na sinadarai ne ke samar da shi tare da dabaru daban-daban kuma ana sayar da su iri-iri ta irin waɗannan sunaye kamar Delrin, Celcon, Ramtal, Duracon, Kepital da Hostaform.
Polyetherther Ketone:Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) shine polymer thermoplastic na halitta mara launi a cikin dangin polyaryletherketone (PAEK), ana amfani dashi a aikace-aikacen injiniya.Victrex PLC ne ya fara gabatar da shi, sannan ICI (Imperial Chemical Industries) a farkon 1980s.Yana da kyawawan kaddarorin kamar kyakkyawan juriya na abrasion, ƙarancin flammability da fitar hayaki da iskar gas mai guba.
Polyethermide:Polyetherimide (PEI), wanda aka samar ta wani labari na nitro na maye gurbi wanda ya ƙunshi bisphenol A, 4, 4'-methylenedianiline da 3-nitrophthalic anhydride, yana da babban zafin murɗi na zafi, ƙarfin jiji da modulus.Ana amfani da su gabaɗaya a cikin manyan kayan aikin lantarki da na lantarki, na'urorin injin microwave, da sassa na kera motoci.
Polyethylene:Polyethylene (polyethene, polyethylene, PE) iyali ne na kayan aiki iri ɗaya da aka rarraba bisa ga girman su da tsarin kwayoyin halitta. Ana kuma san shi da poly kuma ana samun su ta hanyar ƙarin polymerisation na ethylene. Yana iya zama na ƙananan yawa ko Babban yawa dangane da shi. tsarin da ake amfani da shi a cikin masana'anta.Yana da juriya ga danshi da yawancin sinadarai.Yana da sassauƙa a zafin jiki.(da ƙananan zafin jiki) kuma ana iya rufe zafi.
Polyphenylene oxide:Polyphenylene oxide (PPO), wanda aka samu daga free-radical, mataki-girma oxidative hada biyu polymerization na 2,6-xylenol, yana da yawa m kaddarorin kamar high zafi murdiya da kuma tasiri ƙarfi, sinadaran kwanciyar hankali ga ma'adinai da Organic acid, da kuma ƙarancin sha ruwa.PPO yana da wuyar sarrafawa, don haka resin kasuwanci (Noryl) ana yin shi ta hanyar haɗa PPO tare da polystyrene mai tasiri (HIPS), wanda ke aiki don rage yawan zafin jiki.
Polyphenylene sulfide:Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) da aka samu ta hanyar haɓakar haɓakar p-dichlorobenzene da sodium sulfide, yana da juriya na sinadarai, kyawawan kaddarorin wutar lantarki, ingantaccen jinkirin harshen wuta, ƙarancin ƙarancin juzu'i da babban nuna gaskiya ga radiation na microwave.Ana amfani da PPS musamman a aikace-aikacen sutura.Ana yin wannan ta hanyar fesa slurry mai ruwa na PPS da dumama yanayin zafi sama da 370°C.Za'a iya amfani da maki na musamman na PPS a allura da gyare-gyaren matsawa a yanayin zafi (300 zuwa 370°C) wanda ɓangarorin PPS ke tausasa kuma su fuskanci haɗe-haɗe.Babban aikace-aikace na allura da gyare-gyaren PPS sun haɗa da kayan dafa abinci, bearings, da sassa na famfo don sabis a wurare daban-daban masu lalata.
Polypropylene:Polypropylene (PP) yana da amfani ga samfuran daban-daban kamar kwantenan abinci na filastik da za'a iya amfani da su, microwave- da kwantena filastik amintaccen kwantena, rufin diaper, rufin kushin sanitary da casing, igiyoyi, kafet, gyare-gyaren filastik, tsarin bututu, batir mota, rufi don lantarki igiyoyi da tacewa don gas da ruwaye.A cikin magani, ana amfani dashi a cikin maganin hernia da kuma yin kayan aikin likita masu zafi.Ana amfani da zanen gadon polypropylene don manyan fayilolin rubutu da marufi da share kwandon ajiya.Polypropylene an bayyana shi da lambar filastik mai sake yin amfani da ita 5. Ko da yake ba shi da ƙarfi, yana da rauni ga radiation ultraviolet kuma yana iya raguwa sosai a cikin hasken rana kai tsaye.Polypropylene baya da juriya mai tasiri kamar polyethylene (HDPE, LDPE).Hakanan yana da ɗan juyewa zuwa ga iskar gas da ruwa masu saurin canzawa.
Polystyrene:Ana yin polystyrene a cikin nau'i daban-daban waɗanda ke da aikace-aikace daban-daban.Ana amfani da extruded polystyrene (PS) wajen kera kayan yankan da za a iya zubarwa, CD da DVD, nau'ikan robobi na motoci da kwale-kwale, da gidaje masu gano hayaki.Ana amfani da kumfa polystyrene mai faɗaɗa (EPS) wajen kera kayan rufe fuska da kayan marufi, kamar “gyaɗa” da kumfa da aka ƙera da ake amfani da su don ƙulla samfurori masu rauni.Extruded polystyrene foam (XPS), wanda aka sani da sunan kasuwanci Styrofoam, ana amfani da shi don yin ƙirar gine-gine da kofuna na sha don abubuwan sha masu zafi.Ana amfani da copolymers na polystyrene wajen kera kayan wasan yara da kwandon samfura.
Polyvinyl chloride:Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) abu ne mai tauri, mara nauyi wanda yake da juriya ga acid da tushe.Mafi yawansa ana amfani da shi ta hanyar masana'antar gine-gine, kamar sigin vinyl, magudanar ruwa, gutters da zanen rufin.Har ila yau, an canza shi zuwa nau'i mai sassauƙa tare da ƙari na filastik, don haka ya sa ya zama mai amfani ga abubuwa kamar su hoses, tubing, rufin lantarki, riguna, jaket da kayan ado.Hakanan ana amfani da PVC mai sassauƙa a cikin samfuran da za a iya busawa, kamar gadaje na ruwa da kayan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa.Har ila yau, PVC abu ne na kowa a cikin siffofin aikin vinyl, musamman a kasashe irin su Japan, inda ake amfani da kayan da yawa a cikin abin da ake kira Figures Sofubi.Kamar yadda PVC ke lanƙwasa cikin sauƙi kuma yana da halin lanƙwasa yayin wucewa, hanyar 'gyara' wannan nakasar ita ce ta dumama robobin har sai ya zama wayar hannu, sannan 'sake lanƙwasa' kayan zuwa daidai matsayi.
polymer:polymer sunan alama na DuPont don nau'ikan polymer polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), wanda ke cikin aji na thermoplastics.
Lokacin aikawa: Mayu-01-2018